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The use of mitochondrial data in deep phylogeny analyses was often criticized because of high substitution rates on nucleotides, large differences in amino acid substitution rate between taxa, and biases in nucleotide frequencies.
Discordances between nuclear and mitochondrial data in animal biogeographic studies are not uncommonly reported [ 60].
Mitochondrial data, in addition, showed a high percentage of private sequences in the island (Randi, 1995; Scandura et al., 2008).
In a previous study [ 26] examined protein coding and d-loop sequences from mitochondrial data in avian and primate lineages, while we have examined mutation and substitution in nuclear genes.
We acknowledge that, due to the lower coverage of the mitochondrial data in many samples (mostly caused by the lower background prevalence and larger size of mitochondrial genomes as compared to plastomes), our mitochondrial phylogeny should be viewed as experimental.
It is interesting to note that the closely related G. calmariensis and G. pusilla were recovered as reciprocally monophyletic in the analyses of the nuclear genes but not by our CO1 data or by the mitochondrial data in Borghuis et al.[ 41].
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The trees estimated from the mitochondrial data are in general agreement, although inconsistencies can be seen at species-level within Lemuriformes, Platyrrhini and Cercopithecidae.
Therefore, we analysed a mitochondrial data set in this study and compared the phylogenetic results with those of phylogenomic analyses, in which no or only few mitochondrial data have been considered.
Monophyly of the insectivore group Eulipotyphla, containing the families Erinaceidae, Soricidae, and Talpidae, is supported by nuclear gene phylogenies [ 32- 34, 61] but not by mitochondrial data, which in our case indicates eulipotyphlan diphyly with the Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) at the base of the Laurasiatheria clade.
Comparing with the nuclear data set, why the mitochondrial data set result in different phylogenies in Hemiptera?
Applying both ML and BI to the mitochondrial data set resulted in the tree shown in Figure 2B, and applying both to the total data set (without the ITS-1 sequence for Xyrosaris lichneuta) gave the tree in Figure 2C.
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