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Furthermore, mitochondrial alternative initiation codons also have been observed in other protozoan and non-protozoan systems [26][27].
H2O2 production was detected under ambient and stress conditions at rates ranging from <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012508.e020.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> and was attributed to mitochondrial respiration in the dark and to Mehler reactions and mitochondrial alternative oxidases (AOX) in the light [41].
A Fe superoxide dismutase and a mitochondrial alternative oxidase gene were up-regulated.
Mitochondrial alternative oxidases (AOXs) are important components of the alternative respiratory pathway of plants [ 1]; Aox genes have been isolated from several important plant species [ 2- 10].
We show here that the over-expression of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) in tomato and petunia is related to TSWV resistance.
Transcription of sconC (a sulfur metabolic transcriptional regulator) and aoxA (mitochondrial alternative oxidase) was not effected by oxidative stress with MNorthern values around or between +1 and -1 (data not shown).
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Salicylic acid (SA) regulates multiple anti-viral mechanisms, including mechanism(s) that may be negatively regulated by the mitochondrial enzyme, alternative oxidase (AOX), the sole component of the alternative respiratory pathway.
Antibodies against cytosolic UGPase (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and mitochondrial AOX1/2 (alternative oxidase 1/2) were purchased from Agrisera.
GSK-3 α/ β also triggers cell death through mitochondrial circuits alternative to PTP opening, such as mitochondrial translocation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 famemberemBax Bax, which leads to permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
The induction of porin or Ndufa9 in the absence of PGC-1α suggests the existence of mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis, alternative to PGC-1α gene induction, that are triggered by physical exercise.
To explore alternative mitochondrial barcoding regions, we compared the efficacy of the universal CO1 barcoding region with the other mitochondrial protein-coding genes in eutherian mammals.
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