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Other pre-processing steps included removing gene pairs with missing values instead of substituting their values with the averages.
Yet, the multilevel methods required to achieve this are quite novel and multiple imputation is generally recommended for imputing sporadic missing values instead of systematically missing data.
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These missing values were not imputed; instead, missing values are reported explicitly for ethnicity, while for deprivation we reported the means (and standard deviations) based on 3218 (99.6%) participants with data available.
10 For the categorical variables, we imputed the missing values by weighted mode instead of a weighted mean as used for continuous variables.
Single imputation by regression imputes for cases with missing values on a variable instead of mean values of this variable function values for this variable out of a regression equation with the following independent variables: education, gender and destination.
In this paper, it uses the mean instead of missing values for numeric attribute and the most for nominal attributes.
39, 40 All the statistical analyses were performed within a structural equation modeling framework using the Mplus statistical package Version 6.12 with the standard MAR missing data method where missing values are not imputed, but instead parameters and standard errors are estimated from all available data.
Instead, we imputed missing values, approximately 2% of total data, by replacing them by the mean of corresponding numbers from two observations for which all other known information matched closest to that for the one with missing values, a hot deck procedure.
In this paper, we introduce a novel pretreatment method applicable for two-dimensional fluorescence landscapes, where instead of inserting only missing values a mixture of zeros and missing values are inserted close to and outside the Rayleigh scatter lines.
Since number of fixed broadband Internet subscribers had less number of missing values, we retained it variable in the model instead of the number of Internet users.
Instead of using dummy codes, missing values on background data may be imputed prior to estimating the parameters of the conditioning model (OECD [2006]; Weirich et al. [2012].
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