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Exact(18)
Missing values had been replaced by the series' mean (for 8.26% of all values).
Markers with more than ten per cent missing values had been deleted in advance.
Third, the bias related to handling of missing values had to be considered.
Thus, there were more cases to fill in, but the same number of missing values had to be imputed.
Information were pre coded, the data was checked for errors, and missing values had been dealt with.
If all missing values had been 'high positive' (score: 3) the respective values would be 0.90/0.61 and 0.84/0.67.
Similar(42)
The missing values have been multiply imputed using relevant econometric techniques.
Once missing values have been excluded, 1541 observations are used in statistical analysis.
In order to offer comparable results across periods and to not restricting the sample considerably, missing values have been estimated.
In the analysis that follows, missing values have been set to zero, and a dummy variable indicating missing values was included in the analysis.
This reveals that linear spline interpolation estimator for two or more sequentially missing values have smaller error than the linear regression estimator.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com