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If data were not available for that year for a country, that country was indicated as having a missing value for that measure.
Other data quality problems are: a missing value for the director of movie 4, causing a completeness problem, and a 0 value for the number of remakes of movie 4, causing a currency problem because a remake of the movie has actually been proposed.
The parameter k was set to 15 such that a missing value for a spot S in a sample was estimated as the weighted average of the 15 spots that are most similar to spot S in the remaining samples.
bOne missing value for full adherence.
Feasibility was determined by the average completion time and percentage of missing value for each item.
First, a missing value for a VC was replaced with the value of the previous observation.
The percentage of missing value for each item of the scale ranged from 0.00%to8.31%1%.
Two skipped questions were coded as missing value for the whole dimension.
** Because of 229 missing value for 'smoking' and 307 missing value for 'alcohol intake', the proportions in the table were calculated based on 2022 cases for 'smoking' and 1944 cases for 'alcoholic intake'.
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A missing value in any region resulted in a missing value for this variable.
A missing value in any region resulted in a missing value for all the pain combinations that included this region.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com