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When the researchers aligned the cod's DNA with that of the stickleback, the most closely related fish species whose genome has been sequenced, they found that cod are missing the genes that code for proteins called MHCII, CD4, and invariant chain.
For example, F. succinogenes is missing the genes necessary for xylose and xylodextrin transport (i.e. a xylose permease) into the cell, and further lacks a xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) to convert xylose into xylulose.
When public annotations were unclear or missing, the genes were annotated manually with the helpτmes.
The relatively low coding proportion may be due to the fact that estimates are based on orthologs in genomes, thereby missing the genes that could not be grouped by our gene clustering method.
This presents a model not consistent with the current C57BL/6 genome, and suggests that the 129 strain may be missing the genes Ifi211 and Ifi203 which lie between Mndal/Ifi212 and Ifi202 in C57BL/6.
A major difference was found in the operons from the virulent strain 9117 and commensal strain 9066 with strain 9066 having an ≈10-kb deletion missing the genes cpsF-L and orf276, orf193, and orf151.
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Mice missing the gene were obese.
Next, the researchers looked at the feeding behavior of mice missing the gene for ghrelin.
Fruit flies missing the gene, for example, lack limb segments and have short legs.
Mice missing the gene for follistatin produced enamel on both sides of their incisors, whereas the enamel layer was completely absent in mice engineered to overproduce the protein.
In a search for mutant mice that might be missing the gene, Banfi and colleagues came upon a strain called head slant.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com