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The remaining 386 (3.8%) cases were excluded from analysis because the patients had pyrazinamide-monoresistant TB, suggestive of Mycobacterium bovis infection (165), or they were missing susceptibility testing results for isoniazid, rifampin, or ethambutol (112) or had other resistance patterns (109).
The recent advances in the field of genetic epidemiology have validated the hypothesis that at least part of that remaining missing susceptibility lies in the form of multiple common low-risk variants, each conferring a modest effect on disease risk.
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However, because phenotyping of individual knockout lines is expensive and time consuming present screens are aimed at uncovering phenotypes with high penetrance and expressivity and are likely to miss susceptibility phenotypes that require sensitized screening.
Another novelty of our approach comes from the ability to handle missing drug susceptibility values owing to experimental conditions and quality control reasons, which increases the effective sample size, leading to more robust predictions especially for drugs with a large number of missing phenotype values.
A critically important extension of that premise is that traditional approaches to characterize the effects of drugs and chemicals on the immune system, as assessed in young adult animals, would miss the susceptibility associated with the developing immune system.
The inheritance of transgenerational changes in phenotypes allows for organisms to rapidly transmit epigenetic information to their offspring and is postulated to be a factor accounting for the missing heritability underlying susceptibility to complex diseases [ 84].
He was also missing the Alzheimer's susceptibility allele apo, a well-established variant of a gene for apolipoprotein E carried by approximately two out of three patients.
(ii) It can handle missing values of drug susceptibility measurements, which enables us not to discard data points with missing outputs, leading to larger data collections.
Missing clinical breakpoints, consensus antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines and clinical trials make the interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility testing results difficult.
Strain HCM3A showed all the characteristics of a CA-MRSA strain with low level oxacillin resistance that can easily be missed on testing, susceptibility to most other agents tested, and the presence of SCCmec type V.
Because we have focused on the clinical pain definition using questionnaires and pain homunculus, we accept that we may have missed true pain susceptibility alleles.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com