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On the other hand, this strategy conveys at least two drawbacks that may affect the query detection: (1) The errors of the audio segmentation module can result in missing speech segments that may eventually prove to contain query terms that are lost.
Ellipses are used to denote missing speech.
Listening in noise is particularly difficult when extra resources have to be allocated to make up the missing speech information that was being masked.
Given that redundancy acts as a kind of "safety net" that allows missing information to be recovered, its effects can be quantified by determining how well listeners can fill in missing speech parts.
Trying to fill in the gaps caused by missing speech information may result in a shortage of resources for information encoding and storage in an already reduced working memory in older adults [ 7, 9– 11].
When a packet loss occurs, some mechanism for filling in the missing speech must be incorporated.
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The day the conference began, Lovins slept in, missing speeches by Bill Clinton and Laura Bush, but showed up for a working lunch devoted to energy and climate change.
DER distribution of missed speech rate (MS), false alarm rate (FA), and speaker error rate (SPKE).
Scores are given for missed speech (MS), false alarms (FA), speaker errors (SPK), and overall diarization error rate (DER).
This implementation has been shown an improvement in both missed speech ratio (MSR) and false alarm speech ratio (FASR) comparing to the implementation of each module alone.
DER represents the ratio of incorrectly attributed speech time The DER can be broken down into speaker errors (SPKE), which accounts for miss-attributed speaker segments, false alarms (FA), and missed speech errors (MS).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com