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The existing spectral estimation algorithms designed for uniformly sampled complete-data sequences perform poorly when applied to data sequences with missing samples if the missing samples are simply set to zero.
Of 60 randomly selected men, 53 had sufficient sample volumes in ≥ 3 sampling years (11 missing samples were randomly distributed across sampling years).
The received samples, d [i], can be thought of as the original over-sampled signal, x [i], minus the missing samples e [i m ].
We consider nonparametric complex spectral estimation of data sequences with missing samples occurring in arbitrary patterns.
The missing samples are estimated by using the expectation-maximization algorithm.
Now, we must construct efficient importance samplers to draw the missing samples.
Using the new B and Σ the process is repeated for all originally missing samples.
Since the received signal samples are correlated, the missing samples can be estimated.
After estimating the missing samples, Welch's method is applied to estimate the PSD and the edges.
NN fills missing samples using the value of its nearest known neighbor.
A SD reconstructs the missing samples by replicating the last decoded sample.
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