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We counted missing responses as wrong answers.
Further control analysis including missing responses as a separate category also produced similar results (data not shown).
Figure 4 is a plot of the estimates using the first run of the hot deck imputation procedure against the estimates obtained when treating the missing responses as if these items had never been offered to those individual patients.
It is also an advantage that the register datasets used in this study are without missing responses as musculoskeletal disorders are more common among nonparticipants in health surveys [ 24].
It appears that cold deck imputation leads to significantly different estimates of the mean functional status in a group of patients than either hot deck imputation or treating the missing responses as if these items had never been offered.
Personnel who consistently did not respond to the exposure questions were excluded from the case control analysis; for those who answered at least one exposure question, we considered missing responses as 'no' responses.
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Because the number of missing responses correlates significantly with persons' abilities (Kendall's τ = −.243, p = .000), we interpreted a missing response as an inability in item answering.
This might have been a reason for missing response, as EGFR protein expression observed by IHC has been described as an unreliable predictor of responsiveness to EGFR inhibitors (Ciardiello and Tortora, 2008; Vidal et al, 2009).
To this aim, we trained and tested a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model, using the 16 kinematic parameters of interested as predictors (see ''Motion capture and video recording'' section) and the intention choice by participants (to pour vs. to drink; 7114 responses; 1.2% missed responses) as a categorical outcome.
Items on the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales had minimal missing responses for children as young as 5 years old, supporting feasibility.
Items on the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales had minimal missing responses for children as young as 5 years old, with the percentage of missing item responses decreasing slightly with age.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com