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In cases with up to 2 missing responses in the child section or 1 missing response in the parent section, we ascribed the score for the missing value as the average of the rest of the items for that section [ 9].
The remaining six items showed only one single missing response in 666 responses.
The quantity of missing data among those 351 subjects occasionally involved only 1 missing response in the entire instrument, with the majority of respondents missing 4 or less items.
Values shown are percentages EQ-5D, EuroQol 5-dimension; RMD, Roland-Morris Disability; SF-36 PCS, short form-36 physical component summary The fraction of missing information can be used instead of the traditional percentage of missing values to assess the level of missing response in surveys [ 12].
The scoring of the questionnaire allows for one missing response in each domain; therefore, the addition of a new question did not impact the scoring for the Social Functioning domain for those who had already completed the previous version at baseline (n = 48).
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The majority of items have four or fewer missing responses in total, the mean number of missing responses being 0.12 (sd = 0.67) with a range of 0 to 9 (2.3%) patients that did not respond to a particular item.
To account for missing responses in SHLC we used the sample weights provided in the survey.
We created an indicator variable for missing responses in each covariate.
It could be because of high rate of missing responses in 'Driving' subscale.
Previous studies usually ignore cases with missing responses in calculating Cohen's κ.
Missing responses in the included covariates ranged from 0.1%% (maternal age) to 29.2 % (maternal ADHD in the 18-months sample).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com