Sentence examples for missing observations were from inspiring English sources
For the LVCF method, missing observations were replaced with the last observed value carried forward for reasons other than death or zero value carried forward at death.
In several current large-scale assessment programs (Allen et al. [2001]; Foy et al. [2008]; OECD [2009]) missing observations were dummy coded and the dummy variables were subsequently used in the population model.
In both cases, missing observations were excluded from the model.
Finally, missing observations were imputed based on proximate years using a custom multiple-imputation algorithm [ 14].
To correct for these losses, missing observations were replaced with mean values.
The descriptive analyses were conducted by using PROC FREQ and missing observations were included when calculating the population percentages.
Furthermore, in longitudinal panel data, missing observations are a growing problem also with nonparametric methods when cumulative outcome measures are used.
The general perception is that, to achieve a fixed significance level and power, a group sequential test will require a larger maximum total sample size than required by the corresponding standard single-stage test because missing observations are possible under the group sequential test setting.
The agreement for single measures improves, as expected, when missing observations are replaced.
Our analysis was based on compete case analysis as no imputation of missing observations was carried out.
Imputation for missing observations was applied to efficacy endpoints evaluated at or before week 52 using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method.
