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Yang, J., Bakshi, A., Zhu, Z., Hemani, G., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E. & Lee, S. H. et al. Genetic variance estimation with imputed variants finds negligible missing heritability for human height and body mass index.
We analyzed the mRNA levels for 36,778 transcript expression traits (probes) from 2,765 individuals to comprehensively investigate the genetic architecture and degree of missing heritability for gene expression in peripheral blood.
GWAS addressing common variants have come to its limit and missing heritability for most complex disorders is very high.
We were unable to identify rare coding variants with large effect to explain the missing heritability for RA in the current targeted resequencing study.
Through these two studies, the effect of (common) CNPs, both tagged and untagged by SNPs, were found not to contribute significantly to missing heritability for T1D.
This study does not support our hypothesis that the substantial proportion of missing heritability for RA can be inferred from rare coding variants.
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Nonetheless, the search continues for the missing heritability of disease, focusing on gene environment interactions, germline copy number variants, epigenetic and epistatic events, and, most recently, rare variants missed by prior GWAS and linkage approaches but resolvable using next generation sequencing technologies (NGS).
In addition, additional studies may be necessary to account for the missing heritability of the SC type with many mild-effect variants in a genome-wide SNP microarray using, for instance, a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis [ 45, 46].
Our findings support the hypothesis that recessively acting variants account for some of the missing heritability of multifactorial diseases.
This fraction has been dubbed as missing heritability that for most complex diseases is larger than 50% [ 3].
Hypervariable STRs in regulatory regions may explain some of the missing heritability unaccounted for by GWAS of complex disease [ 13, 36, 37].
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