Distinguishing between underlying synapomorphies and potential autapomorphies becomes increasingly difficult with the amount of missing data present in this analysis; therefore, the majority of synapomorphies described below for the clades within Allosauroidea are unambiguously optimized.
Of note, missing data (present in fewer than 11% of visits) were handled by using multiple imputation.
In order to estimate the effect of missing data, the parametric simulations were repeated with the same amount of missing data present in the nonparametric datasets.
Third, missing data present in the empirical data that are resampled in the nonparametric simulations can be expected to reduce bootstrap support to some extent.
We undertook a preliminary analysis on 2 datasets: 1 with all the 13 markers (missing data present) and 1 where the 5 nuclear markers were removed (missing data of 10%).
We assess rates of missing data, present descriptive and distributional data, assess internal consistency, and test validity through confirmatory factor analysis, and through associations between PACIC scores, patient characteristics and related measures.
The observed dyspnoea score was also higher among the incontinent men, but the two groups were similar with respect to other co-morbidities and physical activity involvement. 1 missing data present UI, urinary incontinence.
Completeness can be assessed by the coverage of total cases on which the registry is able to collect information, or with reference to missing data present in the registry (which will be used as the definition of data completeness in this report).
Missing data present a challenge to many research projects.
Missing data present a ubiquitous problem in everyday clinical practice, and incomplete data are removed in the data analysis.
