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Distinguishing between underlying synapomorphies and potential autapomorphies becomes increasingly difficult with the amount of missing data present in this analysis; therefore, the majority of synapomorphies described below for the clades within Allosauroidea are unambiguously optimized.
Of note, missing data (present in fewer than 11% of visits) were handled by using multiple imputation.
In order to estimate the effect of missing data, the parametric simulations were repeated with the same amount of missing data present in the nonparametric datasets.
Third, missing data present in the empirical data that are resampled in the nonparametric simulations can be expected to reduce bootstrap support to some extent.
We assess rates of missing data, present descriptive and distributional data, assess internal consistency, and test validity through confirmatory factor analysis, and through associations between PACIC scores, patient characteristics and related measures.
The observed dyspnoea score was also higher among the incontinent men, but the two groups were similar with respect to other co-morbidities and physical activity involvement. 1 missing data present UI, urinary incontinence.
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However, building a model with interactions that are not specified a priori, in the presence of missing data, presents a challenge.
Given that all six variables at each time point are highly correlated to each other, the multiple linear regression method to predict missing data using present data should be highly effective (Allison 2002).
Where numbers do not equal 543 missing data are present.
No missing data were present on the composite variables.
In general, missing data were present in the data set, but rare.
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