Multivariate missing data were imposed on four covariates using four different mechanisms; missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), missing not at random (MNAR) and a combination of all three mechanisms.
The appropriate functional form for fitting the continuous covariate, age, in the regression model was assessed using fractional polynomials based on 500 full datasets, prior to missing data being imposed.
To limit the upward bias that can thus be introduced through missing data, we imposed a threshold on the number of distinct shustrings that can be reported for a given window as described under Approach and Data.
The bootstrap is semi-parametric (rather than fully non-parametric) because at each resample the model estimates parametric regressions to impute missing data, thereby imposing some parametric constraints on the predictions of incremental costs and QALYs and their distributions [ 14].
This type of missing information imposes a challenge for the MLC classification task.
Four multivariate missing data mechanisms were imposed, since these are the least studied mechanisms, yet the most appropriate to real life situations.
The missing data structure is then imposed on the simulated multi-locus genotype data and the known phase is ignored.
Construct a logistic model for missing occgp regressing on variables onset, distot, age, sex, and status and excluding individuals with missing values imposed by stages 1 & 2. Impose missing data in cprs0 for individuals with fitted probabilities falling in the top eighth of probabilities.
The following sections address morphological, reproductive and geographic distributional data in relation to the major clades supported by this study, as well as limitations imposed by missing data and ambiguous phylogenetic resolution in subsections of the phylogeny.
Impose missing data in cprs0 and onset for individuals with fitted probabilities falling in the top ninth of probabilities.
Impose missing data in cprs0, onset, and distot for individuals with fitted probabilities falling in the top tenth of probabilities.
