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In case of missing values, the already validated rules for replacement of missing data determined for each scale or questionnaire will be used.
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RDF can be used to estimate missing data, determine the location and optimum number of measurement stations (station network design), estimate the potential of a variable under consideration and calculate radius of influence.
If for each augmented data set there was no statistically significant difference in the outcome, missing data were determined as having no statistically significant effect on the pattern of results and were, therefore, excluded from analyses.
The missing data were determined by the expectation maximization method (EM, implemented by the Missing Value Analysis of the SPSS).
Where missing data was determined to be because the participant had taken the accelerometer off to sleep, "sleeping" values were imputed.
The main limitation of the trial is that all collected hospital data are collected routinely in a central system and it may not be possible to find missing data or determine inaccurate coding.
Cases included in the analysis were compared to those excluded because of missing data to determine if they varied by age, sex, and province of residence.
Characteristics of these subgroups are displayed in Table 2. * Total less than 100% due to 6 responses with missing data to determine whether they were former users or recent quitters.
Handling of missing data will be determined after the inclusion period of the study.
For 39 of these, the reason for the missing data was not determined as the student observers were not reachable for an explanation.
Also, as discussed in more detail in the online supplementary appendix, because missing data are primarily determined by the study; by including a 'study' when modelling the subset of complete data and modelling the imputed data, the results of both will be essentially unbiased.
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