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Exact(1)
To confirm whether there may have been residual confounding due to missing address level data, ancillary analyses were conducted to determine whether differences existed in median county level pre-1950's homes, household income and poverty levels among addresses with complete address level information compared to those with missing information.
Similar(59)
Missing values because of missing address or missing geographical coordinates were substituted by the levels calculated for the preceding address or, when the first address was missing, for the subsequent address, giving a complete series of annual mean NO2 and NOx concentrations since 1971.
Furthermore, exclusion of cohort members due to missing data on air pollution exposure, due to missing address or address geocode, is a limitation.
This is however not likely to bias our results, as missing addresses are not systematically related to air pollution levels, but due to address register incompleteness (missing street code or house number, typically for early addresses).
Subjects with missing addresses were excluded from the analysis.
Multiple gestations were excluded (5%) as well as subjects with unsuccessfully geocoded addresses, missing addresses or missing important covariate information used in previous studies (12%) [ 13, 16].
Data were analyzed at the address level.
The MICE procedure was used to address data missing on two levels: first, participants with one or more missing confounding factors had this data imputed; and second, a depression outcome at 18 years was imputed using previous measures of depression in earlier adolescence.
In both cases, however, the problem is one of addressing the issue of missing data – that is, TALIS is missing student level data available from PISA, and PISA is missing teacher level data available in TALIS.
If an address could not be geocoded, the preceding address was used for NO2 calculation; if the first address was missing, the subsequent address was used.
Missing item-level data are commonly reported.
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