Likewise, we demonstrate that some claimants who have been injured by misrepresentations without relying on them will have valid claims for other torts, such as negligence and tortious interference with contract.
(Defs.' Mem. 28). This argument, again, rests on Defendants' misguided belief that there can be no liability for their misrepresentations without proof of statistically significant stock price increases in response to their AOL reports.
Instead, it relieved plaintiffs from providing traditional proof of reliance, explaining that "causation is adequately established in the impersonal stock exchange context by proof of purchase and of the materiality of misrepresentations, without direct proof of reliance". Id., at 906 (emphasis added).
It hurts to be misrepresented, but there is no representation without misrepresentation.
The claim that misrepresentation is impossible without learning anyway seems problematic, since it seems to preclude representations produced by innate input systems, such as innate sensory-perceptual systems.
First, Thau's argument does not turn on the need to secure spectrum inversion without misrepresentation, and instead deploys an adaptation of Jackson's (1982) thought experiment concerning black-and-white Mary.
Some examples like "penetration," and "misrepresentation"—are provided without example or context.
In addition, these implants allow magnetic resonance explorations without misrepresentation of the obtained images [ 8].
This is a term that both Hume's contemporaries and our own would understand and can apply to Hume's arguments and outlook without any serious misrepresentation.
The first aspect to consider is whether a move in abstraction along a system network amounts to the omission of information, without the explicit misrepresentation of the phenomenon under study.
