Crucially, they should not be used in isolation to influence policy decisions; end user pressure for quick fixes, group dynamics, issues of representativeness, together with the biases of a facilitator, can easily mask, distort or misrepresent results.
Scientists who answered "yes" to questions asking if they ever fabricated or falsified data are clearly admitting their intention to misrepresent results.
The shareholders, who sued AT&T in October 2000, said the company misrepresented results when it was preparing to sell shares in a mobile phone unit and completing the purchase of a cable company, MediaOne Group.
Last year, a report on the Swedish Karolinska Institute (KI) in Stockholm concluded that former star surgeon Paolo Macchiarini had systematically misrepresented results of his surgeries to a degree that constituted misconduct.
"The petitioners simply reject and misrepresent the results of these reviews, and are now seeking to move the goal posts yet again".
One consequence emerges from a survey of senior financial executives by CFO, our sister magazine: 17% of all respondents report being pressured to misrepresent their results by their companies' bosses during the past five years.
Given that a fifth of CFOs have apparently said that their chief executives had put pressure on them to misrepresent their results in the past five years, this stretches credulity.Something must be doneHowever, if the Skillings, Ebberses and their sort didn't know what was going on down in the finance department, they certainly should have done.
On one hand, radiochemical effects of the electron beam can simply misrepresent the results.
"Vladimir Putin in a dignified manner rebuffed the cravings of our opponents from the US and Western countries to misrepresent the results of the Crimean referendum," retired Russian Colonel-General Valery Manilov tells her.
Deviation from linearity near minimum detectable level and saturation level can misrepresent the results of the performance estimation [10].
A donor stated that " the media can have a negative influence if they misrepresent your results or the ideas of your research, e.g. telling the public that they have come to us as guinea pigs in reference to a new research project like a drug trial".
