Exact(7)
Hyperlactatemia, central venous oxygen saturation, or isolated values of oxygen transport and consumption (DO2 and VO2) are frequently misleading indicators of tissue hypoxia.
Contestation of misleading indicators usually require detailed (but not media-appealing) proof of the inaccuracy of data input and/or of the methodology used.
But as the Bush administration learned the hard way in Iraq, poorly devised measurements can become misleading indicators — and can create a false sense of progress.
The adoption of innovative practices by the influence industry, combined with legal reporting requirements that are full of loopholes, have created misleading indicators which suggest that there has been a decline in the clout of the lobbying sector.
Indeed, Brennan's suggested modifications to the ISEW and GPI do nothing but conflate income and capital, which, if taken on board, would lead to misleading indicators of total economic welfare.
For instance, in data set 3, a strong decrease in macrophyte diversity disguised the restoration-induced increase in macroinvertebrate diversity in univariate analyses, making the EQC and overall Shannon index less sensitive or even misleading indicators compared to multivariate overall community patterns.
Similar(53)
The self-reported use of clinical protocols as a quality indicator may be misleading.
The range of clinical services evaluated are in some ways misleading as some tools included only single indicators of complex, yet poorly defined packages of services rather than specific measures (e.g. 'family planning' as one indicator rather than a series of individual service or process indicators).
Hence, relying on just a selection of VISION 2020 process indicators to monitor progress may be misleading.
However, choosing the amount of catecholamines as an indicator of haemodynamic stability may be misleading.
In addition, it looked for evidence of disease like heart attacks and cancer rather than indirect indicators like cholesterol levels, which can be misleading.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com