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With a greater mix of individuals at differing levels of SES in a particular neighbourhood, this misclassification will be greater.
The general effect of this misclassification will be to reduce the magnitude of associations, but where confounders are misclassified the effect may not be readily predicted.
Hopefully, misclassification will be non-differential between cases and controls, what would reinforce Muller's findings as this situation usually produce bias towards the null.
The exposure misclassification will be even greater for measurement of mass and constituents of UF particles given their spatial heterogeneity (Sakurai et al. 2003; Sioutas et al. 2005).
Those Canadian data indicate diesel exposure misclassification will be common for many jobs, and there may be complete misclassification for some jobs, when the era of dieselization is not taken into account.
Furthermore, treatment costs associated with this type of misclassification will be more problematic using more sensitive diagnostic methods, as a result of the greater risk of misclassification into higher prevalence categories.
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In general, the misclassification rate will be small when all of the class centroids are far away from each other.
In particular positive predictive value, negative predictive value and misclassification rates will be compared.
By not using reads whose indices include likely erroneous bases, the misclassification rate will be negligible.
Second, if the dataset of MD (ICD-9-CM codes: 359.0-359.1) are combined to eliminate misclassifications, there will be no bias for total cancer risk in each sex population, yielding an SIR of 3.18 (95% CI = 1.57-6.46, P = 0.001) for females and 1.07 (95% CI = 0.44-2.63, P = 0.876) for males.
There is little data in the literature to determine the proportion of all CYP2D6*6 alleles that are accounted for by CYP2D6*6b and CYP2D6*6c, but any misclassification of CYP2D6*6 will be very small as all the alleles are rare.
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