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Supervised hierarchical clustering shows misclassification of only 2 samples (Supplementary Figure S1).
The weighting penalizes errors based upon the level of disagreement; for example, a misclassification of two categories has a greater penalty than a misclassification of only one category.
Samples from lymph node-positive and lymph node-negative patients could not be separated by PCA, while PNN led to classification of the two groups with misclassification of only four samples.
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This form of zygosity assessment is valid, with a misclassification rate of only 4% [24].
In this more challenging case, the superiority of modeling approach was clear, with misclassification rates of only 14.6% and 19.2% when using correct or false a priori information, respectively, as compared with 50% when using RVR (Supplementary Material 3 online).
Indeed, 1737 out of 1854 stable nucleosomes containing H2A/H4R3me2s were classified at the first split, based on overlapping with greater than two deduplicated, H4K20me3 sequence reads (with a misclassification rate of only 1.67%).
Furthermore, there are numerous limitations to the analysis: inclusion of patients with chronic kidney disease stages I and II (defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate), misclassification of AKI (only creatinine criteria), cause of AKI not given, late initiation of RRT, no measurements of the dose, and substantial advances in intensive care during the study period (1997 to 2009).
Patients coded in the SEER data as Hispanic on the basis of surname only were not classified as Hispanic, because of prior research showing misclassification of surname-only classifications.
Additionally, avoidance behavior (prior exposure reductions by persons with asthma) may be a source of past exposure misclassification with assessment of only current or recent exposure.
The longer length of follow-up and assessment of diet only at baseline combine to increase the probability of regression dilution bias, which results from misclassification of exposure using only baseline values.
The observation is unlikely the result of misclassification since only one of the patients suffering from paralysis had a spinal injury as a result of contact with law enforcement personnel.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com