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In addition, little is known about the misclassification of education by cause of death.
Those aged under 25 years were excluded to minimise misclassification of education level.
As a result, misclassification of education may not vary with the length of time between acquisition of health survey and death certificate data.
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Finally, we restricted analyses to immigrant women who arrived at age 20 or older to reduce the misclassification of maternal education and marital status.
An estimation of the population attributable fraction for smoking and breast cancer in Māori based on this adjusted OR suggests that approximately 31%% of the burden of breast cancer in Māori women is attributable to smoking; however, this is likely to be an overestimate due to residual confounding and misclassification of deprivation and education.
Additionally, we investigated whether there was an effect of education on misclassification with respect to the diagnosis group (stable MCI or progressive MCI).
A possible explanation is that more educated participants may live in larger houses or flats than less educated participants, and therefore may be more likely to have the option to chose a bedroom oriented away from a busy street, resulting in lower exposure to road traffic noise during sleep and differential misclassification of exposure according to education.
Recruitment of cases from highly specialised treatment centres and the Danish Cancer Registry ensured accurate ascertainment with minimal misclassification, and the availability of detailed information on smoking habits, length of education and use of acetaminophen reduced the risk for confounding.
Fifth, we used ecological level measures as a proxy for patient level data on neighborhood income, level of education, unemployment, immigration status, and language; and some misclassification may have occurred.
7 Using this type of conservative measure of mismatch allows us to mitigate the risk of misclassification, which could arise if two or more occupations with different required levels of education were aggregated up at the 3-digit level.
This may be due to misclassification of parents' education by their children due to variation in the meaning of terms for levels of education for different birth cohorts, although some studies have addressed this by making different categories of education specific for parental education and own education [ 9].
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