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A significant upward trend in missing answers suggests that carelessness in answering the questionnaire (our definition of misclassification) increased with response wave.
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In both cases, it was speculated that this may be due to patterns of widowing and remarriage, but our modelling indicates that this surprising pattern of incidence over age may, in fact, be due misclassification increasing with time infected.
The extent of misclassification increases with time, especially in countries where the epidemic has declined.
There is also a negative income gradient emerging, reflecting the result from the misreporting analysis that the probability of misclassification increases with income.
The observed rate of TDR was higher than true TDR when misclassification was present and increased as the proportion of misclassification increased.
Trends in adjusted TDR were altered as the misclassification rate increased; the significant downward trend between 2002-2007 was lost when the misclassification increased to over 4%.
In addition, a recent simulation study by Stang et al [ 6] suggests that if misclassification error increases with the number of contact attempts, or the prevalence of the exposure decreases, then, if misclassification is non-differential (i.e. independent of exposure status) the estimates after each attempt will become successively biased towards the null hypothesis.
Another reason why misclassification could increase with time since infection would be if the individuals with fully developed immune-responses that are misclassified as recent live for longer than others.
If a time-varying covariate is fixed to a baseline value in a TTE analysis, the degree of misclassification may increase with time and result in underestimation of the covariate effect.
Exclusion increased with increasing concentration.
Bilirubin increased with increasing age.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com