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Exact(5)
There is also a possibility of outcome misclassification as the cause of death was determined solely based on verbal autopsy in 35% of the cases.
Specificity and sensitivity are more informative than raw rate of misclassification, as the latter does not differentiate if misclassification is on true healthy or true affected animals.
However, we do not believe that this led to significant exposure misclassification, as the duration of drinking water from the surveyed well greatly exceeded the duration of drinking water from an alternate well.
However, an important limitation of this study is the potential for exposure misclassification, as the modelling of air pollution estimates at the birth address was based on air pollution concentrations that were measured some years after the birth of the children.
We calculated the attenuation bias in a case control study resulting from exposure misclassification as the normalized difference between the expected value and true value of the logistic regression coefficient using percent attenuation bias (% attenuation bias)⊇=⊇ βE βT /βT × 100 (Whitehead et al. 2012).
Similar(55)
As this is a registry-based study, the limitations of the study include the risk of misclassification as well as the fact that there is no distinction with regard to the severity of AF.
Furthermore, we have job information from only one time point in pregnancy (12 16 week), and a change in job during pregnancy was not accounted for, which might add to the exposure misclassification as well.
Based on these findings, misclassification of AS diagnosis in the NPR is unlikely to have a significant impact on our results.
This possibly reflected patterns of prognosis [ 104], but perhaps more so, reduced statistical power due to misclassification as eight of the nine studies included in the meta-analyses of SMRs assessed exposure at the group-level, whereas all studies included in the analyses of the incidence data used individual-level measurements or estimations of As in drinking water.
In a study of smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease, Chu et al. [ 51] applied a Bayesian analysis under a range of sensitivity and false-positive probability values similar to ours, though the authors allowed for both for uncertainty in the misclassification parameters as well as correlation between sensitivity and false-positive probability, which we did not do.
(Olsson et al., 2011) There are several sources for exposure misclassification, and it is unlikely to be non-differential misclassification as suggested by the authors.
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