To compare the luteal phase endometrial expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin subunits in women with recurrent miscarriage compared to a control group.
RESULTS The proportion of women with major depressive and anxiety symptomatology was significantly higher among women facing threatened miscarriage compared to those with stable pregnancies (depressive: 33.1% vs. 17.0%, p = 0.008; anxiety: 48.8% vs. 23.7%, p < 0.0001).
The authors concluded that patients with heavy bleeding and associated pain in the first trimester have three times more risk of a complete miscarriage compared to asymptomatic women.
However, sEndoglin levels were modestly lower (∼25%, P<0.001) in the TM women who had a miscarriage compared to TM women who had a live birth (Figure 3).
This study shows that maternal levels of sFlt-1 (83%) and PlGF (44%) are distinctly lower in TM complicated by subsequent miscarriage compared to normal pregnant controls and TM with subsequent live birth.
The mean MS sFlt-1 level was significantly (P<0.001) higher (>10 fold increase) in normal pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant group whereas mean MS sFlt-1 levels were significantly (86% decrease, P<0.001) lower in the TM subgroup with a subsequent miscarriage compared to asymptomatic controls.
Previous studies have shown that endocrinological parameters such as hCG, progesterone [23], [24], PAPP- A and inhibin A [11] levels are decreased in the first trimester in patients with symptoms of TM who subsequently have a complete miscarriage compared to those with a normal obstetric outcome.
Another study in India reported that symptomatic women had a significantly increased rate of miscarriage, compared to asymptomatic women [ 32].
At 2 weeks after the decision for expectant management, the indices were significantly lower in the cases of incomplete miscarriage, compared to those of complete miscarriage.
This hypothesis is supported by population based study in pregnant women which demonstrated that having malaria infection in the first trimester increased the risk of miscarriage compared to having malaria infection in late gestation [ 44].
