TLR agonists induced significantly elevated MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1.
Dysregulation of MIP-1 has been associated with inflammatory disorders including arthritis [50], [51].
Increased MIP-1 secretion by HCV monocytes may thus interfere with DC differentiation in vivo.
The difference is especially important for MIP-1 α and β, IL-6 and IL-8.
HCV-monocytes secreted higher levels of cytokines and chemokines among which, MIP-1 α and β.
We analyzed the impact of MIP-1 β that can be secreted by monocytes on DC differentiation.
This is in line with our observation that the chemokine MIP-1 alpha was upregulated in infected placentas.
One such mutation defines the gene mip-1.
The name of the region "MIP" was taken from the chemokines MIP-1 α (CCL3) and MIP-1 β (CCL4).
CCR5 endogenous ligands include the main chemokines CCL3 (MIP-1 α), CCL4 (MIP-1 β), and CCL5 (RANTES).
Primers were as follows: mouse MIP-1 α forward: 5′-GCCATATGGAGCTGACAC-3′ mouse MIP-1 α reverse: 5′-TGCCTCCAAGACTCTCAG-3′.
