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Examined on a minute time scale, however, normal science arguably also involves a (more constrained) variation and selection process, as scientific practitioners search for ways to articulate the paradigm.
In yeast cell populations, individual mitochondria, as well as single cells, oscillate autonomously during spontaneous periodic behavior on the minute time scale [47].
We next asked whether, in both species, similar underlying mechanisms were at play in the scale-free dynamics observed (see Supplementary movie S1 and S2 of cardiomyocytes and yeast NAD(P H oscillations in the minute time scale, respectively).
More precisely, we studied whether ROS (specifically O2.−) and IMAC were involved in the oscillatory (as in heart), and synchrony mechanisms observed in yeast at the subcellular and cellular levels in the minute time scale [47].
The direct involvement of O2.− and IMAC in the yeast oscillations brings about a direct mechanistic relationship with mitochondrial oscillations in cardiomyocytes, at least in the minute time scale.
A key mechanistic insight was obtained when yeast oscillations of NAD(P H and ROS in the minute time scale could be reversibly suppressed with 4-chlorodiazepam (4 Chl-DZP) (Fig. 6), the same mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel blocker of the oscillations in heart cells [43].
Similar(47)
We find that while dose information is transmitted through dynamics of NF-κB activation, on short (minute) time scales duration, information is lost in the single-cell response but retained in the population response (fraction of activated cells).
On a minutes time scale after the onset of a light stress, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin, in a process known as the xanthophyll cycle [9].
First the focal complexes quickly adapt on a sub-minute time scale.
Rather, the optical transitions responsible for transduction of laser radiation into thermal energy may be excited continuously over the second-minute time scale without any reduction in heat generation.
Using estimated and literature values for the model parameters, three time scales of the dynamics of RNAi-influenced focal adhesions are identified: a sub-minute time scale for the assembly of focal complexes, a sub-hour time scale for the maturation to focal adhesions, and a time scale of days that controls the siRNA-mediated knockdown.
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