Commissioned by the Liverpool Biennial, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic and Liverpool Cathedral to mark the 25th anniversary of the Hillsborough disaster, Nyman's 11th symphony was a premiere of sorts, though a significant proportion of its 50-minute duration was the product of rigorous repurposing.
Savodnik argued that the aims are implicit in the name — a shortreal doesn't take much time to watch (the 11-minute duration was chosen because it's half the length of a 30-minute TV episode, minus the commercials) and it tells a true story.
A three-minute duration was chosen as the baseline duration for each condition to minimise participant burden and to facilitate comparison of the strap conditions by limiting the time between them, although it is acknowledged that women commonly exercise and wear sports bras for much longer durations.
For the purpose of our experiment, the 12-minute duration was deemed to correspond to the warm-up period, as it was considered too short for players to fully immerse themselves in the game.
The ambient CO2 level was determined for each site automatically and one measurement of 2 minutes duration was taken over each collar.
The median time to atrial fibrillation recurrence of at least 10-minute duration was 5.3 days in the placebo group and 60 days in the dronedarone 400 mg twice daily group (relative risk reduction, 55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 72 28; P = 0.001).
Overall, they found that a single-session exposure of approximately 15 minutes duration was associated with decreases in weekly drinking.
A static transmission scan (using a rotating 740 MBq Cs point source) of six minutes duration was performed and following intravenous injection of 15.1 ± 3.2 MBq [F]fluoro-PEG-folate via a jugular vein canula, an emission scan was acquired for one hour.
A study by Penna et al. involving an ex vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia, in which a short ischemia of 10 minutes duration was followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, showed that such treatment led to larger infarct sizes in female hearts than in male hearts (Penna et al., 2009).
