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Absolute change was calculated as the year 5 measure minus the baseline measure.
Cortisol 60, serum cortisol level drawn 60 minutes after stimulus with 1 μg corticotropin; Cortisol 120, serum cortisol level drawn 60 minutes after stimulus with 249 μg corticotropin (120 minutes after serum baseline cortisol); Δmax, cortisol 60 value minus the baseline cortisol level; Δmax, cortisol 120 value minus the baseline cortisol level.
Distal airway closure was estimated by the FVC DRS. These DRS were obtained from a calculation based on the last value minus the baseline value, divided by the last methacholine dose in mg.
Linear regression analyses relating baseline diabetic retinopathy to the change in the four MRI measures was performed using a 40-month change score (i.e., the 40-month measure minus the baseline measure).
Cognitive change was calculated as the 6-week CI minus the baseline CI.
So, in simple maths, the equation proceeds as the new cost minus the baseline cost, with the difference divided by the baseline cost.
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Secondary analyses will be of: absolute change in d3mft at 2 years of follow up minus the d3mft at baseline, absolute change in d3mfs at 2 years of follow up minus the d3mfs at baseline.
absolute change in d3mft at 2 years of follow up minus the d3mft at baseline, absolute change in d3mfs at 2 years of follow up minus the d3mfs at baseline.
Excess deaths were calculated as the actual mortality rate on record minus the moving average baseline rate.
Changes in urinary ACR were defined as logarithmically transformed ACR at study end minus the value at baseline, divided by the follow-up period (years).
Mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) changes between the two study periods were calculated using data from week 12 of the nVNS treatment period minus data from the baseline visit, with negative values indicating a decrease over time.
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