In this case, the variance of the new phenotype, i.e. the residual of model (2a), used to test the SNP effect was approximately equal to the residual variance of the true model minus the genetic variance times (1 minus the reliability of estimates of polygenic effects).
To calculate the standard error of measurement, the standard deviation (SD) of the DSQ score was multiplied by the square root of one minus its reliability coefficient (r): Standard err or of measurement= SDtimes sqrt{Big(1}-rBig).
The SEM was calculated by multiplying the standard deviation (SD) of the baseline score by the square root of one minus the reliability of the instrument [ 34].
The SEM was obtained by multiplying the baseline standard deviation of the scale, or domain, by the square root of one minus its reliability coefficient [ 28].
It is estimated by the standard deviation of the instrument multiplied by the square root of one minus its reliability coefficient [ 28].
Evidence by Wywrich and others supports use of one SEM (calculated as the standard deviation of the instrument multiplied by the square root of one minus its reliability coefficient) as an approximation of the MCID [ 16].
The SEM describes the error associated with the measure and is estimated by the standard deviation of the measure multiplied by the square root of one minus its reliability coefficient.
The SEM describes the variability between an individual's observed score and the true score and is calculated as the SD of the measure multiplied by the square root of 1 minus its reliability coefficient [ 9, 14].
This figure is further supported by calculation of SF-12v2 standard error of measurement [SEM], calculated as the standard deviation of an instrument multiplied by the square root of one minus its reliability coefficient [ 40].
The SEM, which describes the error associated with the measure, was estimated by the standard deviation of the measure multiplied by the square root of 1 minus its reliability coefficient.
However, due to the covariance between estimates of the polygenic effect of relatives, which are also likely to share the same SNP genotype, the variance of β ^ was proportional to the residual variance of the true model times (1 minus the reliability of estimates of polygenic effects).
