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The older adults were divided into 2 groups based on the Pr measure of recognition discrimination: probability of Hits minus probability of False Alarms (FA), collapsing across "remember" (R) and "familiar" (F) judgments (i.e., (p R, Hits) + p(F, Hits)) − (p R, FA) + p(F, FA))).
Performance in the 1-back and 2-back conditions was analyzed using both the d-prime coefficient (probability of correct response minus probability of false positive responses) and reaction times and assessed across groups and conditions using a repeated measures ANOVA adjusting for age, gender, site and education.
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Call the improbability of a statement one minus its probability.
It is therefore 1 minus the probability of a Type II error (failure to detect a relationship despite the reality of the relationship).
First, we observe that pc is one minus the probability that a given node X selects all b children from the set of n-1-b (s has not selected X as child) or n-b (s has selected X as child) nodes not selected by s out of n-1 nodes: p c = 1 - b n - 1 n - b b n - 1 b + 1 - b n - 1 n - 1 - b b n - 1 b (2).
For incongruent conditions, proportion correct is <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016749.e049.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> minus the probability of choosing the higher reward.
The ambiguity function was estimated from the response data by taking the un-signed result of 0.5 minus the probability of positive response, and then subtracting this value from 0.5.
The P-value is then calculated as 1 minus this probability, so that the smaller the P-value the stronger the evidence of differential expression.
Based on minor allelic frequencies in the Holstein-Friesian population, one minus exclusion probability was equal to 1.4×10−10 and 7.2×10−26, with one and two parents, respectively.
Define ν, a sensitivity parameter, to be a desired threshold for the detection p-values, representing 1 minus the probability that any probeset in a particular treatment group shows a detectable signal.
Detection p values on the Goldengate Cancer Panel are calculated based on fluorescence signal at a probe compared with background fluorescence and represent one minus the probability) that a signal is stronger than background fluorescence.
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