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Differences (average of 3 measurements after treatment minus measurements before treatment) for each variable were calculated.
To assess group differences in the effect of gonadectomy plus testosterone treatment, we used the change in body weight and composition (measurements at the end of the experiment minus measurements before GDX) as the dependent variable.
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Mean difference (98% CI) (measurement 3 minus measurement 1), and P-value for stabilometric variables the injured leg vs. control group, and the uninjured leg vs. control group.
The (random) intra-individual variance was assessed by the standard deviation of the test retest differences (SDdiff) of the means (measurement 1 minus measurement 2) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) [ 7].
For each stabilometric variable, three separate t-tests were performed in comparisons between post-exercise measurements 1 and 3 for the injured leg and the control: 1) injured leg measurement 1 vs. measurement 3, 2) control group measurement 1 vs. measurement 3, and 3) effects of exercise (measurement 3 minus measurement 1) injured leg vs. control group.
A level of P < 0.01 indicates statistical significanc Mean (SD), mean difference (98% CI) (measurement 3 minus measurement 1), and P-value for the first and third of the post-exercise measurements for the stabilometric variables in the injured and uninjured legs and in the control group.
Mean (SD), mean difference (95% confidence interval) (measurement 3 minus measurement 1) and P-value (paired t-test) for post-exercise measurements 1 and 3, in the stabilometric variables (amplitude in mm, average speed in mm·s-1, and number of movements exceeding 5 mm (DEV 5) and 10 mm (DEV 10)) in the frontal and sagittal planes.
For each participant, the rate of change in lung function was defined as the difference in each parameter between the two examinations (measurement at follow-up minus measurement at baseline), divided by the participant-specific follow-up time (in nontruncated years).
This study found the correlation between summer mean daily low temperature anomalies (the daily residuals at each location minus measurement uncertainty) in 2009 and SI in 2001 (r = 0.68 at the 200-m buffer, p < 0.001) to be higher than between daily temperature anomalies and other geographic characteristics.
Table 4 shows the total cholesterol changes (last measurement minus baseline measurement) for each patient during follow up.
The means ± standard deviations of manual measurement minus automated measurement across all subjects were −1.6 ± 8.7, −1.4 ± 7.8, and 1.0 ± 5.8 for EDV, ESV, and EF, respectively.
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