That might sound technical, but it's just how much the government has borrowed to cover its shortfall, minus items like cash and other liquid assets.
In it, Batson says Enron executives were under tremendous pressure to increase cash flow, or net income plus or minus items such as depreciation and increases in working capital, to bring it more in line with reported earnings.
There have been periods when a minus item in the U.S. account was rather strikingly associated with a plus item in the U.K. account, and conversely.
Multiple regression, including both SHAPS and MADRS (minus item 8), indicated that change in MADRS (t=−2.18, P=0.045), but not SHAPS (t=−0.05, P=0.96), significantly predicted change in ventral striatum rCMRGlu.
Critically, the main effect of drug on anhedonia levels was found when levels of depression (MADRS total score minus item 8 at each time point) were entered as a covariate in the model (F 1,123)=7.713, P =0.006), indicating that anhedonia levels in BD respond to ketamine treatment over-and-above its effects on other depressive symptoms.
(b) Model 2 (M2) is the same as model 1 (M1) but has total depression score (as assessed by the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) minus item 8) entered as a covariate and still reveals a main effect of drug, thus underscoring the unique anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine administration.
Cash Holdings are cash and short-term investment (item 1) divided by net assets (item 6 minus item 1).
In Table 3, the dependent variable is cash holdings defined as cash and short-term investments (item 1) divided by net assets (item 6 minus item 1).
Non-associative item memory formation, defined by the contrast Association forgotten (item recognized) minus Item forgotten, activated regions in the anterior medial temporal lobe including bilateral anterior hippocampus, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, right anterior parahippocampus as well as right middle hippocampus.
Findings included high coefficient alphas and large average item-correlations (total minus item) in both studies.
Score on the BDI (minus item #9) was the factor most strongly associated with suicidal ideation.
