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This was repeated times to get the empirical deviation distribution [18], that is, the distribution of estimated minus actual errors, for the different error estimators.
The lifetime loss formula: 65 minus actual age of retirement × annual loss discounted at 3.5% per annum.
The revenue-sharing pool is created with each team's contribution of 34percentt of its net local revenue (local revenue minus actual stadium expenses).
Once the fictitious radius has been found, the support factor s is derived from the expression: fictitious notch radius minus actual notch radius divided by microstructural support length.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Deviations planned time minus actual time (minutes on the vertical axis, negative value means delay) in Bro for shuttle train going north Open image in new window Fig. 3 Deviations planned time minus actual time (minutes on the vertical axis, negative value means delay) in Helsingborg for shuttle train going south.
Landscape stress is characterized on the basis of the calculation of climatic water deficit (CWD) first coined by Stephenson (1998) as the evaporative demand that exceeds available water and calculated as potential minus actual evapotranspiration.
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Finally the values of the relative bias (RB) were obtained as the ratio of the bias, i.e., the expectation minus the actual variance, to the actual variance.
Alongside a squad of Green Berets, Ivan takes on an army of bog-standard soldiers with dumbass AI, short-sighted but blade-swishing ninja sorts, armored tank-style enemies with mini-guns, actual tanks, armored cars constructed from Duplo and depressingly clichéd bullet-sponge bosses (fuck you, Big Mouse).
Participants also showed significantly higher levels of dissatisfaction (actual minus ideal size) on the figural drawing scale compared to the video distortion methodology, although these differences did not exist when comparing actual minus ideal size.
A group of celebrities and a proto-Katie Hopkinsesque, ex-politico famemonger spend a day in four different Victorian workplaces, minus any actual danger, malnutrition or other potentially entertaining element of reality.
The company in turn invests an average of $280,000 in the store — for new equipment, furnishings, technology that helps run the store and other modifications — and it receives 25percentt of the sales of goods minus their actual cost.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com