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The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence.
The ratio of effective extraction height to actual mining height is called subsidence factor under backfill.
The determination of this critical mining height is a site-specific problem and it depends on geological and mining conditions.
The width of the backfilling wall also influences the stability and cost of the whole system for retaining the entryway where the mining height is defined.
Under panel and pillar mining, the final surface subsidence factor (the ratio of maximum surface subsidence to the mining height) is generally less than 0.1, with surface subsidence being well controlled and surface buildings being protected.
In addition, Fig. 3 also shows that when mining height (M) is between 2 and 6 m, the ratio, η, of bed-separation height and mining height (△h/M) increases faster, while it increments slower when mining height is between 6 and 8 m.
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The equivalent mining height was designed according to the fortification criteria of buildings and their attachment structures, which enables the ground movement and deformation caused by mining to be less than the corresponding fortification criteria.
Two sets of mining height are examined: 3 and 5 m.
Considering the normal mining height was 4.0 4.5 m, the point of peak horizontal displacement to floor was approximately 2.5 3.0 m.
The mining height was 1.8 m, the CH4 content 4.73 5.15 m3/thethe ground temperature 36.5 45 °C, the panel length 2059 m and the thickness of the working coal seam 1.37 m.
In the model, a mining height was 35 mm, excavation length was 1100 mm; the cross-sectional dimension of the goaf-side retained roadway was 83.3 mm × 50 mm (width × height), the left lane dimension of the roadway was 66.7 mm × 50 mm (width × height) and the support side lane of the roadway was 50 mm in width.
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