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This paper describes a new holistic framework for designing a cost-effective minimum water network (CEMWN) for industry and urban systems.
The developed model was employed on an urban and an industrial facility to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model to solve the minimum water network with minimum storage tank capacity and network inter-connections.
The model is applicable for systems involving multiple contaminants, and is capable of predicting which water demand should be eliminated or reduced; how much external source is needed; which wastewater source should be reused/recycled, regenerated or discharged; and finally specify the minimum water network configuration for maximising the net annual savings at a desired payback period.
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Third is the SHARPS cost-screening technique to customize process changes and ultimately generate a minimum water utilization network that is cost-effective and affordable.
Compared with the results obtained by relevant researches for the same example, the present method not only provides an appropriate regeneration reuse water network with minimum fresh water and regenerated water flow rate but also suggests a water network involving regeneration recycle with minimum recycle water flow rate.
I spent a large part of my working life analysing town water supply pipe networks using computer algorithms that I had written myself, and the ultimate algorithm for me would be one that completely designs the cheapest network for given restraints, particularly the minimum water pressure at any node of the network at any time of day.
If the selected network can satisfy the demands of the favorable water network, the determined minimum utilities can guarantee global optimality.
Minimum water requirements can be targeted and the resulting water network can be designed with the aid of graphical-oriented tools or automated design methods.
The procedure is based on process integration techniques and looks at design of networks that exhibit minimum water and energy consumption.
Then an optimal water network design with the minimum freshwater usage and wastewater generation is synthesized.
The aim of the method is to design an optimum flexible water network (FWN) that ensures minimum fresh water consumption and yet fulfilling all process constraints and uncertain parameters.
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