Sentence examples for minimum surface settlement from inspiring English sources

Finally, the trailing distance between different excavation stages were analysed numerically and the optimal distance with minimum surface settlement was determined.

According to the results, the minimum soil surface settlement and vertical diametral strain are provided by 5% of shredded rubber soil mixture placed over the pipe with a geocell, giving values of, respectively, 0.30 and 0.53 times those obtained in the unreinforced and untreated soil.

If δ < 5 %, the ground volume loss has a great effect on the maximum surface settlement.

The two inverse analysis approaches capture well lateral wall deflections and maximum surface settlements.

If δ > 5 %, the ground volume loss has a minimal effect on the surface settlement.

Ground volume loss induces the ground movement and surface settlement.

Ground volume loss can be applied to estimate ground surface settlement [20, 21, 22].

Giardina et al. [5] analyzed ground surface settlement due to tunnel excavation according to foundation height.

In general, a ground volume loss ratio of about 1 % will cause ground surface settlement.

Open image in new window Fig. 19 Surface settlement above tunnel.

In this paper, transverse surface settlement data from two glacial till sites are presented.