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However, in case of the foam stirrer a higher power input per liquid volume is needed in order to achieve the minimum stirrer speed required for complete dispersion of the gas.
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A criterion for the prediction of minimum stirrer rotation speeds is derived for the suspension of coarse-grained particles (Archimedes numbers ≳ 40).
Minimum stirrer rotation speeds can be predicted by the evaluation of two diagrams for the drag of fluidized particles as a function of the concentration and for the pressure-head volumetric flow rate characteristics of an agitated vessel.
Figure 5 clearly compares the ethanol yield and time taken for completion of one batch cycle until the level of C/C = 0.1, using a minimum (200 rpm) and maximum (500 rpm) stirrer speed.
The best reproducibility was obtained by providing a minimum of 50% DO by automatic adjustment of stirrer speed.
The best reproducibility of antibiotic productivities was obtained by providing a minimum of 50% DO by automatic adjustment of stirrer speed.
In order to exclude unnecessary high agitation/shear forces and sudden condition changes, we also applied an agitation regime where stirrer speed was adjusted automatically to maintain levels of minimum 50% DO with 325 rpm stirrer speed set as the minimum agitation from the beginning (ferm. #17a-c).
Dissolved oxygen levels were either left uncontrolled by choosing a constant agitation speed (900 rpm, 1100 rpm) or a stepwise manual increase/decrease of stirrer speed (900/1100/1300 rpm), or alternatively maintained at a minimum of 50% by automatic adjustment of the stirrer speed (minimal agitation 200 or 325 rpm).
Stirrer speed.
Higher stirrer speed increased the reaction rate up to an appropriate speed but excessive stirrer speed decreased the reaction rate.
Air was flushed at a stirrer speed of 600 rpm.
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