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The diffuser was fabricated using a laser machining technology which has a minimum spot size of about 10um.
They can provide minimum spot size of about 20 nm for a focused photon beam of 80 keV energy.
The minimum spot size is 7.5-um-diameter.
For EBL, we used a Gaussian beam vector scanning system which can provide the minimum spot size below 2.5 nm.
The minimum spot size is 1.3 mm at a stand-off distance of 0.8 mm, and as the stand-off distance increases, the spot size gradually increases.
The analytical investigation predicts the increase of the laser beam focal length and the decrease of the minimum spot size by increasing the external magnetic field for a left-handed circularly polarized case.
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The minimum detectable spot size is 15 μm, while the signal rise time is detector limited to about 1 μs.
The minimum beam spot size achieved so far is 14 × 6 μm2 for a 20 MeV proton beam at a beam current of 0.1 nA.
One challenge existing in fabricating 1 MeV microfocus X-ray tubes is beam broadening inside metal anodes, which limits the minimum focal spot size a system can obtain.
Furthermore, the variations of the minimum laser spot size and laser focal length versus the variations of the external magnetic field and laser pulse strength for right and left-handed circular polarizations are presented.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 Variation of the minimum normalized spot size ( frac{{W_{hbox{min} }^{{W_{0} }} ) as a dimensionless parameter ( omega_{ce} /omega_{0} ) for right circularly polarized laser beam with different strengths (( a = 0.25 ) dotted line), (( a = 0.5 ) dashed line) and (( a = 0.7 ) solid line) with plasma lens thickness ( Delta = 1,{text{mm}} ).
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