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The maximum splitting delay in the deeper layer (2.1 s) is observed at station RISI, this station also displays the minimum splitting delay for the upper layer.
The minimum splitting delay (0.4 s) is obtained for RISI which is situated at about 12°E.
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Among 868 measured splitting parameter pairs (fast orientation and splitting delay) showing clear splitting of SKS phases, we selected 470 individual good quality pairs (supplementary Table S2).
Fast axis azimuth (ϕ -top) and splitting delay (δt -top) of the upper anisotropic layer.
The splitting delay gradient (from West to East) in the upper layer is clearly visible in the 3D spatial distribution.
A significant decline in splitting delay values is observed about 11°E longitude, in particular stations RETA, FETA, and MOSI (Fig. 4a) show small values mostly less than 1 s.
Since also the splitting delay is too large to be explained by the lithosphere alone, as described above, sub-lithospheric materials beneath the thin lithosphere likely cause this anisotropy pattern.
Two fundamental parameters can be measured through this method: the fast orientation azimuth (ϕ, angle between fast axis and radial direction) and the splitting delay between fast and slow polarizations (δt).
Fig. 6 (right panel) shows the three-dimensional spatial distribution of splitting delays of the two layers.
The tapered low-velocity zone is reminiscent of the wedge-shaped distribution of splitting delays of the upper layer (Fig. 6).
Moving to the East, the splitting delays for the upper anisotropic layer increase, reaching maximum values (1.7, 1.8 s) at SOKA and GROS respectively (KOGS marks an exception to this trend).
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