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Exact(1)
According to the results, the minimum soil surface settlement and vertical diametral strain are provided by 5% of shredded rubber soil mixture placed over the pipe with a geocell, giving values of, respectively, 0.30 and 0.53 times those obtained in the unreinforced and untreated soil.
Similar(59)
Minimum soil temperature of the surface layer was 1.4 2.4 °C lower under Mw than under Mo.
Higher average, maximum, minimum and amplitude of soil surface temperature were observed in NTC and NT treatments.
Over the course of the whole year, highest daily maxima and lowest daily minima were reached at the soil surface and the quartz stone surface (Table 2).
The maximum SWC was measured under the plant/mulch for the T1 treatment, while the minimum SWC was measured under the bare soil surface for the T3 treatment.
Air temperature at the canopy level (approx. 1 m above the soil surface) was not altered by the treatments and ranged between an average minimum of 10·3 °C and maximum of 28·5 °C.
Mean temperature, summer maximum, winter minimum and cumulative degree day differences between OTCs and control plots at 5 cm above the soil surface.
Mid-summer minimum temperatures ranged from 5.8 to 15.6°C and were not significantly different at 0.05 vs. 2 m above the soil surface for north-facing slopes or valleys.
4 The soil surface: plant edible leaves.
They detach easily and may lie on the soil surface.
Filamentous, straplike, or membranous, it grows along the soil surface.
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