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The largest conductivity is up to 1,240 S/cm and the minimum sheet resistance is about 103 Ω/sq, showing that the graphene films have very low resistivity and completely satisfy the need for transparent conducting films.
The minimum sheet resistance formed from the composite powders obtained from the spray solution of 0.5 M is as low as 16 mΩ/sq.
For a typical monolayer after repair and reduction, the minimum sheet resistance at the Dirac point and the Raman D/G peak intensity ratio are about 9.0 kΩ/□ and ∼0.53, respectively.
The maximum sheet resistance was obtained at annealing temperatures of 400°C and 550°C for ion fluences of 1×1017 and 3×1017 ions/cm2, respectively, while the minimum sheet resistance was obtained at annealing temperatures above 800°C for both ion fluences.
The surface morphology of electrically discontinuous (7 nm), electrically continuous (18 nm), and electrically continuous layer with minimum sheet resistance (35 nm) was chosen for the analysis.
All films had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, and a minimum sheet resistance of 3.3 × 103 Ω/□ was obtained for 1.5-mol% Ga-doped ZnO thin film.
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This can be observed as a large parity between the maximum and minimum sheet resistances.
On a pure glass substrate, the PEDOT PSS reaches a sheet resistance minimum at the 80 °C annealing temperature.
Sheet resistance of minimum spray volume sample was too high to be measured by our analyzer.
The focus of this study is to design the optimal annealing temperature program that gives the minimum junction depth while maintaining satisfactory sheet resistance.
We define an electrically continuous layer as a layer, where the declining sheet resistance reaches a saturated minimum.
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