Little value is gained by increasing sensitivity if noise at the receiver output is already considerable and comparable with desired signal output.
In order to detect faint signals, the receiver output is often averaged over periods of up to several hours to reduce the effect of noise generated by thermal radiation in the receiver.
where PN is the noise power at receiver output.
As higher solar receiver output temperatures are necessary for higher thermal cycle efficiency, current CSP research is focused on high outlet temperature and high efficiency receivers.
Based on the intrinsic properties of the considered system, a useful multiply constrained minimum output energy (MCMOE) receiver is developed, and the CFO estimate is achieved by using a one-dimensional linear search, whose objective is to maximize the output power of the developed receiver.
Now consider a Minimum Output Energy (MOE) type of receiver that takes the weighted sum of the components of z i ( c d ) such that w i H 1 = 1 while minimizing the output energy E { w i H z i ( c d ) 2 }.
The forward backward averaging technique and weighting analysis are then proposed for the blind constrained minimum output energy (CMOE), subspace-based and diagonal loading (DL -based CMOE receivers.
The efficient minimum output energy (MOE) multiuser detector developed earlier for use in suppressing MAI in MC-CDMA systems [14] is designed to minimize the entire output energy of the receiver by constraining the spreading code sequence.
The outputs of conventional generators are bound by minimum output and maximum output.
