It is shown how the onset of granule growth is denoted by an abrupt increase in the torque value requires the amount of binder liquid added to be greater than a certain threshold that is identified here as 'minimum liquid volume'.
This enables good prediction of the experimentally determined mixing times and estimation of the minimum liquid addition volume (VCrit) that will ensure rapid and efficient macro-mixing.
However, in case of the foam stirrer a higher power input per liquid volume is needed in order to achieve the minimum stirrer speed required for complete dispersion of the gas.
Upon melting, the solid metal expands about 7percentt in volume, the solidification shrinkage being 6.6percentt of the liquid volume.
Reservoir liquid volume, ft3.
gas liquid interfacial area per bioreactor liquid volume [m2/m3].
High Liquid volume Low liquid volume pH 1 8 pH 6 7 Rel.
Figure 1 Optical scanning to measure airway surface liquid volume.
mass transfer rate per bioreactor liquid volume [mol/(m3s)].
