Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide gas sensors provide initial and final readings for each test and indicate that the flames are globally stoichiometric at higher oxygen concentrations, but become more globally fuel rich as the minimum oxygen concentration is approached due to excess pyrolyzate leakage out of the open tail of the hemispherical flames.
A minimum of the objective function is approached using a sequence of suboptimal updates of amplitude and phase.
At high strains a steady-state minimum HAB spacing was approached, irrespective of the temperature, where the rate of grain refinement stagnated.
As before the term (K int _{0}^{t_{f}} |u(t)|^{2} dt) in the cost functional (34) is used to avoid chattering [44, 63, 72, 90, 91], and the exact minimum time solution can be approached by decreasing step by step the value of K≥0 until the shooting method possibly fails due to chattering.
Patients who were commencing, or had already commenced, a course of treatment planned to last a minimum of 12 weeks were approached.
Non-responders will be approached for Minimum Data Collection (MDC) 2-weeks after the second questionnaire is mailed.
Patients who were deemed to have the capacity to respond to the measures (following discussion with the nurse in charge of the ward) and who had been admitted to hospital a minimum of 4 h previously, were approached by one of a team of six research nurses and invited to take part in the study.
The appearance of large cells in clones dominated by small sizes suggests that the majority of population 1 was within the sexually inducible size range for D. brightwellii [ 52], and that minimum cell sizes were likely being approached by all of the clones isolated in 2006 and maintained in culture for 18 months.
All children and adolescents (up to age 17.99 years) are approached, with no minimum age for recruitment recognising that, realistically, very few (if any) children are referred and routinely managed through specialist weight management services before the age of 2 years.
