The entire system moves closer to a limiting wall of attainable achievement, and the bell curve of abilities and accomplishments becomes more vertical than horizontal.
The minimum permitted horizontal curve radius is 17 m, making it impossible for the trams to operate through the intersection between Riddervolds gate and Inkognitogata, where the radius is 16.5 m.
minimum radius of horizontal curve (m).
where: Rmin minimum radius of horizontal curve (m) Vd design speed (km/h) g·emax = ae superelevation acceleration g·fRmax = afr friction lateral acceleration ac = ae + afr centrifugal acceleration 127 conversion factor, taking acceleration of gravity as g = 9.81 m/s2.
The most relevant parameters of geometry of tracks are the distance between their centers, gauge, the maximum axle load, gradient, the minimum horizontal and vertical radius of curvature, the maximum cant and the maximum cant gradient, and the length of transition curves corresponding to the minimum curve radius.
If the designed radius of the horizontal curve is larger than the minimum radius determined by Eq. 2, then the horizontal curve can be designed to a smaller superelevation rate than the maximum superelevation, emax, and maintain less constrained and more comfort driving in addition to the basic advantage of less limited horizontal sight distance discussed in this study.
The resulted available SSD could finalize certain alignment zones where vertical and horizontal curve could be improved if the minimum available SSD was lower than required among these curves.
An approximate calculation of the minimum horizontal sightline offset (HSO) or the lateral clearance required between the centerline of the inside lane and a potential obstruction along the horizontal curve can be performed as a function of the sight distance, and the radius of the horizontal curve (RHSD).
Minimum horizontal stress is computed for anisotropic shale medium.
The 3D Eulerian model matched the observed plume injection height, but required a large minimum horizontal diffusion coefficient to match the observed horizontal dispersion of the plume.
