When the number of competent origins is limited to the minimum required for efficient replication, the absence of Tipin/Tim1 becomes crucial.
This indicates the importance of reducing the Tc concentrations to a minimum for the efficient rearing of medfly lines.
We found that the minimum protein requirement for efficient hydrolysis had no correlation with the average initial particle size.
Another possibility is that the minimum protein requirement for efficient hydrolysis is independent of the overall external surface area of the lignocellulosic substrate.
It was possible to successfully reproduce the fed-batch SSCF at demo scale producing 4% (w/v) ethanol which is the minimum economical requirement for efficient lignocellulosic bioethanol production process.
When the optimized minimum protein loading for efficient hydrolysis was plotted against the accessibility of the substrate, determined as the maximum amount of protein that was adsorbed (Pmax), two distinct curves were observed.
The mathematical models (Table 5) obtained after regression of the results shown in Table 3 were used to quantitatively predict the minimum protein requirement for efficient hydrolysis (70% glucan conversion) (Table 6).
The minimum protein loading for efficient hydrolysis was initially optimized before any correlation was made, to account for the possibility that previous predictions of the hydrolyzability of pretreated lignocellulosics based on either low or high protein levels might not be as meaningful or as accurate as predicted.
Initially, the required minimum cellulase loading for efficient cellulose hydrolysis in the absence and presence of xylanase (60 mg/g cellulose) and the effect of xylanase were assessed by hydrolyzing SPCS at increasing cellulase loadings (5 to 100 mg/g cellulose).
This value does not depend strongly on redshift, such that the minimum halo mass required for efficient cooling may be obtained from equation (2): M_{mathrm{cool}}simeq3.5times10^{5}mbox { M}_{odot}biggl(frac {1+z}{20} biggr)^{-3/2}.
