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The principle of conservativeness addresses the problem of estimation errors and requests the reporting of reliable minimum estimates (RME).
T&E argues that the Adac WLTC tests are minimum estimates of actual on-the-road emissions.
One striking finding from the report is that the gap between legal minimum wages (the legal minimum a person can be paid) and minimum estimates for living wages (the minimum pay rate needed for a person to lead a decent life) tended to be "even larger in Europe's cheap labour countries than in Asia".
"At this level we do not believe that the institutions themselves really know what the cost of these measures will be, but the minimum estimates are around 1,500 million euros," said analysts at Link Securities who were quoted by the paper.
Solid and broken lines in a, c indicate maximum and minimum estimates, respectively.
Hence, prevalence figures in the main study will be minimum estimates.
For methods (a) and (b), different assumptions of tephra thickness at the source yielded maximum and minimum estimates.
For the minimum estimates, the tephra thickness or mass was assumed as 3 m or 103.5 kg/m2.
As a result, the portable XRF enrichment/depletion net intensity ratios listed in Table 2 represent minimum estimates.
Minimum estimates of the noise level of the SQUID microscope system and the SQUID sensor are indicated by black horizontal dashed lines.
If the uplifts in events 1 (0.9 m) and 2 (2.4 m at K1) were no more than the minimum estimates, then the total uplift is 3.3 m.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com